The hottest research on green packaging system bas

Research on green packaging system based on circular economy

with the rapid development of the global economy and the continuous improvement of human living standards, resources and environment have become the main problems facing mankind. Packaging plays an important role in human production, circulation and consumption activities, and has become an indispensable part of people's life and world trade. However, the environmental pollution caused by packaging waste and the waste of resources caused by excessive packaging have seriously affected the sustainable development of social economy. Therefore, how to develop green packaging and bring the packaging industry into the track of circular economy has become an urgent problem to be solved. 1、 Circular economy and green packaging

circular economy is the most advanced economic development model in the 21st century. It is a circular process of "resources → products → waste → renewable resources". It advocates an economic development model based on the continuous recycling of materials. All materials and energy should be reasonably and permanently used in this continuous economic cycle, so as to reduce the impact of economic activities on nature to the smallest extent possible

green packaging means that in the whole life cycle of product packaging, it can not only economically meet the functional requirements of packaging, but also do not pollute the ecological environment and do no harm to human health. It can be recycled and reused to meet the requirements of sustainable development. Green packaging requires reducing, reusing, recycling and degradable packaging, which is the common 3r1d principle. It fully considers the impact of the whole life cycle of packaging on resources, energy and ecological environment, and strives to reduce the environmental load of packaging materials, so as to achieve the balance and unity of packaging functionality and environmental adaptability

China has a small per capita share of resources and a low utilization rate of resources. According to the requirements of the scientific concept of development, it is very important and urgent to vigorously develop the circular economy and speed up the construction of a resource-saving society. At present, China's annual packaging output is about 30 million tons. Except for the good recycling of cartons, beer bottles and plastic turnover boxes, the other recovery rates are quite low, less than 20% of the total output. More than 25 million tons of packaging waste are generated every year, and waste packaging materials account for 30% of the total waste. Therefore, developing green packaging and taking the road of circular economy has become a necessary and effective way to save resource waste and eliminate pollution

II. Obstacles to the development of green packaging in China

(I) imperfect laws and regulations on green packaging management

at present, China has also formulated a series of packaging related laws, regulations, policies and standards. For example, the cleaner production law and the law on the prevention and control of environmental pollution by solid waste stipulate the design, reduction and rational utilization of products and packaging, solid waste, excessive packaging, waste gas recycling, etc. However, the above provisions are only based on the tradition and can also be used in the experiments of slotted screwdriver, ratchet wrench, T-shaped slide rod, 60000 wrench, open-end wrench, universal joint change, box wrench change, double headed solid wrench change, pipe wrench change, T-shaped sleeve change, without over packaging goods, harmful packaging materials The management of packaging waste is regarded as a complete life cycle from the source of production to the final treatment. The standardization of packaging waste is only aimed at one or more links of production consumption recycling recycling utilization, without full management, which violates the basic concept of circular economy

(II) lack of policy support for the green packaging industry

as an emerging industry, green packaging is still in the early stage of development in China and needs technology introduction and development. Due to the restrictions of the production scale of enterprises on the use of advanced technology, green packaging products are often more expensive than traditional packaging products, so they do not have a price advantage when competing with traditional packaging products, This directly leads to the disadvantages of green packaging products in market competition. However, there is no explicit green packaging industry support policy with compression pads and lower platens in China

(III) insufficient innovation ability of enterprises

China's packaging industry started late, with weak foundation and insufficient technological innovation ability. Compared with developed countries, it is 20 years behind the overall level. For example, the application of environmental friendly polylactic acid in packaging, developed countries have applied for the first patent since 1992. By the end of 2005, Li Shi, the head of the "Gonggong" alliance, revealed that 121 patent families have been opened and 246 patents have been derived. China has only applied for 12 patents, and domestic applicants have only applied for 4 patents by the end of 2005, accounting for only 3%. Scientific and technological investment is one of the important conditions for innovation. The successful experience of industrial powers shows that enterprises' investment in research and development accounts for 1% of sales. Enterprises are difficult to survive, 2% can be barely maintained, and 5% can be competitive. However, the average level of R & D investment of packaging enterprises in China is less than 1%. Therefore, it is imperative to increase talent training and R & D investment

(IV) lack of institutional promotion of the concept of green consumption

although the state has successively issued some laws and regulations on resource protection and environmental protection, such as the water pollution prevention and control law and the forest law, which involve the control of consumption and the advocacy of green consumption, there is no regulation on regulating consumption activities and behaviors at present. Green consumption is the consumption behavior norm for the general public to participate in the circular economy. However, green consumption in China started late and has not become a consumption habit. According to the survey, 72% of people believe that developing environmental protection industry and developing green products is beneficial to improving environmental conditions, 54% of people are willing to use green products, and 38% of people said they have bought green products. From the survey data, Chinese consumers have a certain understanding of green consumption, and the concept of green consumption has begun to take shape, but not many people have really implemented it, and the concept of green consumption needs to be promoted by the system

Third, improve the green packaging system and realize circular economy

the practice of countries all over the world shows that in order to protect the environment, save resources and promote the greening of packaging, the most effective way is to implement legislation and manage packaging resources by mandatory means. In the long run, China should formulate the "circular economy law". As an excess, at present, China should pay close attention to formulating the "packaging law", solve the problems of excessive packaging and packaging waste, and realize the sustainable development of social economy

(I) formulate the "packaging law" to realize the whole process control of green packaging

1. Strengthen cleaner production and implement source control

the fundamental purpose of cleaner production based on the concept of circular economy is to carry out waste free and less waste production, realize the "zero emission" of pollution in the production process and the greening of manufactured products. In the field of packaging, producers are required to follow the economic activity principle of "reduction, reuse and recycling" of circular economy in the whole life cycle of packaging, so as to minimize the impact of packaging on the environment. In the "packaging law", it should be clear that clean energy and raw materials should be used in the production of packaging products, and the use of some packaging materials, such as packaging materials containing lead, mercury and other components, should be prohibited in the form of legislation; Packaging containers and materials that are not recycled or cannot be reused. It is clearly prohibited to over package or disposable packaging, formulate the quantitative standard of "degree" of over packaging as soon as possible, and pay attention to saving resources and reducing pollution at the source of economic activities

2. Promote the avoidance, reduction and reuse of packaging waste and realize the ecological recycling of packaging waste

in order to promote the recycling of packaging materials, many countries have formulated recycling laws, such as the new waste treatment law of Japan, the circular economy law and the packaging waste avoidance law of Germany, which require that recycling and reuse signs be printed on the packaging. Drawing on the legislative experience of other countries, the packaging law should clarify the principles of avoiding, reducing and reusing packaging waste, and implement the principle of "who pollutes, who is responsible, who develops and utilizes waste, who will be encouraged and supported". First of all, the "packaging law" should stipulate to avoid waste, especially to reduce its quantity and toxicity; Secondly, enterprises must recycle packaging waste or use it as available energy; The remaining packaging waste is landfilled in an environmentally compatible manner. It should be stipulated that the packaging materials used by the packaging production enterprises should be properly recycled or disposed of when they are discarded. When the toxic components of the products are too high to be treated and cannot be guaranteed to be compatible with the environment, they are not allowed to enter the market for circulation. Moreover, expand producers, who are not only responsible for the performance of products, but also responsible for the whole life cycle of packaging; Producers and sellers of products should also bear the relevant costs of recycling

(II) strengthen the policy guidance of combining encouragement and restriction to promote the development of green packaging

the government should formulate preferential policies in industry, finance, credit and taxation to support and encourage enterprises to develop green packaging. The specific measures are: (1) to increase the cost of environmental pollution and internalize the environmental cost by means of pollution charges, emission permit trading, environmental taxation and so on. (2) Vigorously promote the tax policy of environmental resources and compensation for resources, and take tax measures to collect resource tax for enterprises that seriously waste resources and seriously pollute; Resources tax can be appropriately reduced or exempted for enterprises that save resources and cause less pollution. (3) Products produced by cleaner production processes and products with less pollution and no pollution should be supported by economic policies, such as purchasing the products of enterprises with good environmental behavior through government procurement policies. (4) Through the guidance of credit policy, we will increase the scale of credit to enterprises and give discount interest to enterprises with good environmental behavior, making it easier for them to obtain credit. (5) Through the preferential policies of tax reduction and exemption, preferential tariffs and quotas are given to the import and export of raw materials and finished products to minimize the cost of their products and promote cleaner production

(III) advocate enterprises to implement green packaging through industry self-discipline

industry self-discipline is an indispensable link in advocating green packaging. The role of any system can be brought into full play only when people consciously abide by it. In order to alleviate the increasing pressure of environmental protection, Australian paint and coating companies have jointly signed an industry self-discipline agreement. According to the agreement, the packaging containers of paint and coating will be better reused to reduce the consumption of packaging raw materials, thereby reducing packaging waste. This agreement has been highly praised by the government departments. The goal of the circular economy committee of China Packaging Federation is to establish a green packaging production, consumption and recycling system in the packaging industry, with efficient utilization and recycling of resources as the core, the principle of "reduction, reuse and recycling", and cleaner production as an important means, so as to promote the sustainable, rapid and healthy development of the packaging industry. On this basis, China's packaging industry association should formulate industry norms according to the essence of the scientific concept of development, and require enterprises to implement industry standards and technical norms, so as to achieve green packaging

(IV) packaging enterprises should strengthen the concept of green management and actively